Dandruff treatment involves addressing the underlying causes, which can include dry skin, sensitivity to hair care products, or the overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus called Malassezia. Effective treatment often begins with the use of over-the-counter medicated shampoos containing ingredients like zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, or coal tar. These active ingredients help reduce fungal growth and soothe the scalp.

It’s important to use these shampoos regularly, as directed, and to leave the shampoo on the scalp for a few minutes before rinsing to maximize effectiveness. In addition to medicated shampoos, maintaining good scalp hygiene, managing stress, and avoiding excessive use of hair styling products can also help control dandruff. If dandruff persists despite these measures, consulting a dermatologist is recommended, as more potent treatments or an evaluation for other skin conditions may be necessary.